Employee monitoring varies greatly depending on the software and the industry you’re in. Different work monitoring tools offer a range of capabilities and data.
These days, most remote employees are familiar with the idea of work being tracked. However, many are opposed to features that go beyond knowing that work is getting done, and cross over into what feels like micromanagement or an invasion of privacy.
Internet and app usage
A survey by Salary.com revealed 69% of men and 62% of women admit to surfing the internet for personal reasons during work hours.
Being able to see the URLs your team visits while on the clock can be helpful for onboarding new team members or addressing potential productivity concerns.
For example, if an employee is spending a lot of time browsing shopping sites and has failed to respond to a colleague in a timely fashion, they’re likely not doing work.
Of course, some jobs make this type of monitoring challenging. A social media manager, for instance, will visit Facebook as part of their daily tasks. But if you only look at a list of URLs, you still won’t know if they’re being productive.
However, if you notice team members repeatedly missing deadlines or not communicating, you can check apps and URLs and identify if they’re getting stuck. Or you can see if they lack the tools or training they need to get the job done.
There’s also a security reason for gathering this type of data. Employees that are handling sensitive company data or patient information are putting themselves and their company at risk by visiting certain sites.
URL-blocking and web-filtering are higher levels of monitoring for those who need it. Many employers will restrict their employees from visiting websites with wholly inappropriate content (for example, pornography).
Meanwhile, others may allow potentially “questionable” sites, like YouTube, but for a limited period. Some employee monitoring software offers detailed social media monitoring. In these cases, you can see who is logging on to Instagram, how often, and for how long.
Screen video and capture
The Hawthorne effect claims that “increased observation equals increased productivity.”
Many companies have taken such a long time to offer remote work because they assume that the observer has to be in the same room as the observed. They fear workers will be less productive if the manager can’t see them.
Other managers just want to be able to see work in progress, and know that a team member isn’t going too far down the wrong path. This can be costly, and frustrating for that person, who might have to rework the project once they’ve spent a fair bit of time on it.
Screen capture technology aims to address this. Managers can view screenshots of their teams’ screens while working to ensure everyone is focusing on the right priorities.
However, there’s a huge range of what falls within video and screen capture.
Many tools, like Hubstaff, are only interested in capturing the work done on the device. This is useful for managers and helps cut down on employees having to provide constant updates on their work.
On the other hand are apps that take random web camera images of employees or tools that keep their video on while working.
For instance, Teramind allows for live video feeds of single screens or entire teams.
This level of monitoring crosses over from understanding productivity into serious privacy concerns.
Time tracking and file tracking
Time tracking features give team members the power to clock in and clock out with the touch of a button. They’re in control of when they’re working, and can stop the timer at any time when they need to take a break.
Employees can record exactly how long they worked each day. And, depending on the tool, how long they worked on a specific project or task.
It’s easy to see what was worked on that day. Managers can use time tracking data to create better estimates and budgets in the future.
Many industries track time for their teams, including agencies, developers, lawyers, and consultants.
A deeper level of monitoring might look like file tracking, transfers, and conversions. And also, the recording of USB and printer access and use. For example, managers can see which employees edited which files, when, and how.
Keylogging
Keyloggers record every keystroke made on a computer in a readable file. The intent is to keep employees focused on work-related tasks.
Yet, they pose a large risk.
First, anyone who reviews the data can read any passwords the employee enters.
Second, employees cannot tell if a keylogger is recording their keystrokes or not. This lack of transparency makes workers nervous and anxious.
Location
Tracking the location of mobile employees is also on the rise. Using the GPS functionality in a company vehicle, work phone or personal device, managers can determine where their employees are at a given time. They can also review historical data, such as the routes taken between customer sites.
Contractors use this form of monitoring so they can see if their crew is on-site and working when they’re scheduled. Companies with field service teams such as landscapers or HVAC technicians use this data to estimate arrival times and to communicate that with clients.
Hubstaff’s GPS time tracking shows you where your team is throughout the workday.
Email
More than half of all employers check employees' emails. This helps companies identify issues before they become problems.
Also, it can be useful when settling disputes. To give you an example, a Massachusetts judge ordered a company to examine the emails of two employees charged with sexual harassment.
Proponents of email monitoring say that it helps identify sensitive data leaving the company or disgruntled employees who are at risk of leaving.
There’s an argument to be made for blocking suspicious emails for data protection, but the benefits of email tracking might not be worth the stress that employees feel about being overly monitored.
Phone and voicemail
Recording staff interactions with clients, users, prospects, or suppliers is helpful for a variety of reasons.
Let’s say you look at the customer support statistics, and two representatives are getting higher scores than everyone else. If you can listen to their phone conversations from the past month, you can figure out what they’re doing right. Then, you can ask your other team members to do the same. Meanwhile, if someone gets poor feedback, you can uncover why by listening to their calls.
Customer support and sales teams are two of the most common departments relying on this practice.
Still, it is not a very effective work monitoring tool. The practice of leaving voicemails has all but died out.
Instant messengers and softphones
Instant messengers, like Slack, and softphone software, like WhatsApp and Skype, have replaced phone calls, voicemail, and texting because they are faster, more powerful, and cheaper to use.
Remote workers rely on these tools to collaborate, send and receive data, and even socialize. As such, some employee monitoring tools enable managers to track how workers use the software either in real-time or by reviewing recorded information later.
Generally, employers just want to know that data is being shared efficiently and securely. This method can also help settle disputes, such as workplace bullying.
Beyond that, monitoring instant messaging apps isn’t as valuable as some of the other routes mentioned here.
CCTV and webcams
Closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras remain a useful way to monitor work locations, such as offices or construction sites. Beyond encouraging employees to behave and work efficiently, they are a deterrent for thieves.
The remote work equivalent is to watch employees through their webcams via live feeds or frequent photo capture. Again, this is a contentious method. Some employees compare the technology to “spyware” or “Big Brother.”
It has little to do with the actual work and more with having the ability to directly see what people are doing all day.
With proof of work apps, you can cut this cash leak. For example, time tracking tools let you pay people for the time they’ve spent working — not more or less than that.
The workday can be more efficient, too.
The average worker attends 62 meetings a month, but more than a third are unproductive. Work monitoring tools help employees collaborate better. Thus, avoiding the need for yet another meeting.
And as we have mentioned, productivity rises, as well. A recent study reported a 7% increase in profits when employees knew the software they were using provided activity data.
Behavior
By using behavioral analytics and bio-data, you can track and even predict employee activity.
Japanese tech company Hitachi developed a smart badge-like ID device for tracking employee happiness, based on "distinct physical movements." With the data, Hitachi could figure out which internal teams were the happiest and why.
Amazon has used wristbands that buzz if an employee is reaching for the wrong item.
The idea behind this software is to analyze workers’ use of language to detect changes in mood or attitude.
That said, regular employee surveys and check-ins with direct reports might alert you to the same thing in a less invasive way.